Ball Valves are basically shut-off valves which are operated in a rotary motion. It requires a one quarter-turn (90°) of operation on its shaft axis to go from fully open condition to fully closed condition. It uses a metal ball with a hole bored through the centre between two seats to operate the flow. The valve comes in 2 configurations i.e. Floating and Trunnion. In a floating ball configuration, the ball is free to move in the lateral direction, fluid pressure acting on the ball forces the ball into the seats, giving a tight seal; while in a trunnion ball configuration, the ball rotates in a fixed position, the ball is held by a shaft on the top and the bottom of the ball, the valve creates a seal by fluid pressure forcing a floating seat ring against the ball. The trunnion ball valves are generally available in larger sizes and higher pressure classes.
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